M. Karam Ouharou

  ❶ One of the primary concerns that people have about drug manufacturers is the high cost of prescription medications. Many believe that drug companies prioritize profits over the well-being of patients, resulting in exorbitant prices for lifesaving drugs. The cost of some medications can be prohibitive, and people who need them may not be able to afford them. This has led to debates about access to healthcare and the need for government intervention in regulating drug prices. ❷ Another issue that has been raised is the role of drug manufacturers in promoting the overuse of prescription drugs. Some people believe that drug manufacturers engage in aggressive marketing practices, encouraging doctors to prescribe their drugs for conditions that may not necessarily require medication. In some cases, drug companies have been accused of downplaying the risks associated with their products, or failing to disclose negative clinical trial data. ❸ There have also been concerns ...

❶ Drug manufacturers play a crucial role in providing medicines to people all over the world. However, there have been numerous instances where these companies have engaged in unethical practices, putting profits before the health and safety of their customers. This article will examine some of the evils of drug manufacturers and their impact on society. ❷ One of the most egregious practices of drug manufacturers is the deliberate manipulation of clinical trial data. In many cases, companies will only publish positive results from their trials and conceal negative ones. This can result in patients being prescribed drugs that are less effective or more dangerous than advertised. In some cases, this can even lead to death. ❸ Another issue is the over prescription of certain drugs. Pharmaceutical companies often engage in aggressive marketing campaigns to push doctors to prescribe their drugs, even when they are not necessary or appropriate. This has led to widespread addiction and abuse ...

 On Monday 6 February, at 4.17 a.m., a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Turkey and Syria. Earthquakes in this part of the world are common, but the magnitude of this one is clearly impressive: to find an earthquake this strong on this fault, you have to go back to 1114. Ten minutes after the strongest quake, a 6.7 magnitude aftershock occurred near the epicentre and other aftershocks continue to occur in an area stretching over 350 kilometres from eastern Turkey to the Syrian border. These 'aftershocks', the earthquakes that occur after a major earthquake, are expected and their statistical behaviour is well known. More surprisingly and dramatically, a second earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred at 13:24 local time, further north. This earthquake is not an aftershock: according to the first data processed live by the major international seismological agencies, it occurred on an east-west fault cutting the main rupture. We do not yet have all the information provided by satellite...

A 2022 measurement of the mass of the W boson threatened to up end particle physics as we know it, but new results from CERN indicate the standard model was right all along

  La récente théorie radicale selon laquelle les rides sont en fait à l'origine du vieillissement   LE JOUR DE SON 120e anniversaire, Jeanne Calment - généralement considérée comme la personne la plus âgée ayant jamais vécu - a prouvé qu'elle avait encore toute sa tête : "Je n'ai qu'une seule ride", dit-elle avec humour, "et je m'assois dessus". C'est drôle, mais c'est faux. La Française est alors extrêmement ridée. Sur l'échelle des rides de Fitzpatrick, elle aurait pu être classée dans la catégorie supérieure, avec des rides profondes et une peau décolorée qui avait perdu son élasticité. Quelle surprise ! Elle n'était peut-être pas aussi âgée qu'elle le prétendait, mais elle avait au moins 97 ans. Quiconque vit jusqu'à 100 ans ou plus peut s'attendre à la même chose. Historiquement, ce problème a été considéré par beaucoup comme un problème purement esthétique. Dans certaines cultures, les rides, les affaissements et...

Fig 1.1 : fentes de Young   La célèbre expérience des doubles fentes, qui a démontré que la lumière est à la fois une onde et une particule, a été réalisée en utilisant des "fentes temporelles". Les méthodes utilisées constituent une nouvelle façon de manipuler la lumière qui pourrait être utilisée pour créer des matériaux étranges appelés "cristaux de temps". L'expérience des doubles fentes, réalisée pour la première fois par Thomas Young en 1801, consiste à envoyer un faisceau de lumière sur une plaque ou une carte dans laquelle deux petites fentes ont été découpées pour laisser passer la lumière. Lorsque les ondes lumineuses passent à travers les fentes, elles interfèrent l'une avec l'autre, provoquant un motif de bandes claires et sombres sur un écran. Ce phénomène ne serait pas possible si la lumière était simplement constituée de particules. Cette expérience a donc été l'une des premières preuves que la lumière est également une onde. Alors que...

The exploration of the now-digitized Leonardo Da Vinci notebooks continues to amaze the worldwide scientific community. A few weeks ago, engineers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) analyzed a series of drawings that clearly indicated that, two centuries before Newton, the Renaissance artist and polymath had devised experiments to investigate the nature of gravity. This week, a researcher at the Fusion Plasma Physics Department of the Hungarian Centre for Energy Research, Daniel Dunai, has unearthed in yet another trove of Leonardo's documents a sketch depicting what appears to be ... a tokamak. The drawing, which experts have dated from the years 1505-1510, shows a cylindrical machine with coil-like vertical structures, surrounded by poles and wires. An oval shape, coloured a long-faded pink, opens in the middle of the contraption. Half a millennium after the drawing was made, one is tempted to see in this shape and colour the representation of a plasma. But the m...

  A recent experiment carried out at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has revealed the radius of the proton’s mass that is generated by the strong force as it glues together the proton’s building block quarks. The result was published on March 29 in the journal Nature . One of the biggest mysteries of the proton is the origin of its mass. It turns out that the proton’s measured mass doesn’t just come from its physical building blocks, its three so-called valence quarks.“If you add up the Standard Model masses of the quarks in a proton, you only get a small fraction of the proton’s mass,” explained experiment co-spokesperson Sylvester Joosten, an experimental physicist at DOE’s Argonne National Laboratory. Over the last few decades, nuclear physicists have tentatively pieced together that the proton’s mass comes from several sources. First, it gets some mass from the masses of its quarks, and some more from their movements. ...